| 【行業(yè)新聞】貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)升級(jí)，狂加25%關(guān)稅，儀器儀表產(chǎn)業(yè)將何去何從？ |
| 信息來(lái)源： 西安儀表制造 | 2019-05-20 點(diǎn)擊量： 6273 |
“家是最小國(guó)，國(guó)是千萬(wàn)家……”。本周的最熱門事件非“中美貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)升級(jí)”莫屬了，貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)的升級(jí)，波及的行業(yè)和企業(yè)甚廣，一時(shí)間網(wǎng)友議論紛紛?？窦?5%關(guān)稅，儀器儀表產(chǎn)業(yè)又將何去何從？
"Home is the smallest country,country is tens of millions of families...".This week's hottest event is the"escalation of the Sino-US trade war".The escalation of the trade war has affected a wide range of industries and enterprises.For a time,netizens have been talking about it.Where will the instrument industry go if 25%tariff is imposed?
5月10起美國(guó)對(duì)2000億美元中國(guó)產(chǎn)品加征的關(guān)稅從10%上調(diào)至25%后，美方進(jìn)一步威脅，將啟動(dòng)對(duì)剩下的3250億美元中國(guó)輸美產(chǎn)品征稅25%的相關(guān)程序。作為反制，5月13日晚間，中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)稅稅則委員會(huì)決定，自2019年6月1日0時(shí)起，對(duì)原產(chǎn)于美國(guó)的約600億美元進(jìn)口商品提高加征關(guān)稅稅率。
Since May 10,the United States has raised its tariff on$200 billion of Chinese products from 10%to 25%.The United States has further threatened to initiate a 25%tax on the remaining$325 billion of Chinese imports to the United States.As a countermeasure,on the evening of May 13,the Tariff and Tax Commission of the State Council of China decided to raise tariff rates on imports originating in the United States of America of about$60 billion from 0:00 on June 1,2019.
其中，2493個(gè)稅目商品實(shí)施加征25%的關(guān)稅；1078個(gè)稅目商品實(shí)施加征20%的關(guān)稅；974個(gè)稅目商品實(shí)施加征10%的關(guān)稅。595個(gè)稅目商品仍實(shí)施加征5%的關(guān)稅。從具體商品品類看，5%的主要集中在化工、儀器類，10%和20%少量涉及食品類，而最高25%的征稅檔位中，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、食品占比較大。
Among them,2493 tax items are subject to 25%tariff,1078 tax items are subject to 20%tariff,and 974 tax items are subject to 10%tariff.Fifty-five tax items are still subject to a 5%tariff.In terms of specific commodity categories,5%are mainly concentrated in chemical industry and instruments,10%and 20%are related to food,while agricultural products and food account for a larger proportion in the highest 25%tax bracket.
由于我國(guó)的高端分析儀器嚴(yán)重依賴進(jìn)口，因此加征關(guān)稅對(duì)儀器儀表的影響將是不可避免的。
As China's high-end analytical instruments rely heavily on imports,the impact of tariffs on instruments will be inevitable.
中美貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)對(duì)出口企業(yè)的影響
The Impact of Sino-US Trade War on Export Enterprises
從中國(guó)各行業(yè)對(duì)美國(guó)出口的敏感度排序?yàn)椋弘娮釉O(shè)備>機(jī)械設(shè)備>服裝制造(紡織)>金屬制品>家具>化學(xué)制品>塑料橡膠制品>食品。
The sensitivity ranking of Chinese industries to US exports is:electronic equipment>mechanical equipment>garment manufacturing(textile)>metal products>Furniture>chemical products>plastic and rubber products>food.
從事件發(fā)酵，到現(xiàn)在為止，并沒有聽到過(guò)多的對(duì)于儀器儀表行業(yè)的波及影響，很多公司表示，對(duì)公司的營(yíng)業(yè)收入和日常經(jīng)營(yíng)沒有影響。同時(shí)，也會(huì)密切關(guān)注事態(tài)發(fā)展，采取有效措施維護(hù)企業(yè)利益，降低對(duì)美貿(mào)易可能的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并保持與投資者的溝通與交流。當(dāng)然在業(yè)內(nèi)也有很多企業(yè)表示，未來(lái)逐步通過(guò)產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代，削弱關(guān)稅對(duì)公司成本的影響。
Event fermentation,so far,has not heard too much impact on the instrumentation industry,many companies said that the company's business income and daily operations have no impact.At the same time,we will also pay close attention to the development of the situation,take effective measures to safeguard the interests of enterprises,reduce the possible risks of trade with the United States,and maintain communication and exchanges with investors.Of course,there are also many enterprises in the industry that say that in the future,tariffs will gradually weaken the impact of corporate costs through product upgrading.
從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，在中國(guó)臺(tái)灣或東南亞擁有產(chǎn)能的儀器儀表生產(chǎn)商可能會(huì)受益，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢詫⒂唵无D(zhuǎn)移到哪些地方以避免關(guān)稅。對(duì)于那些非中國(guó)儀器儀表制造商而言，由于中國(guó)公司向美國(guó)出售儀器儀表產(chǎn)品不多，并將其余產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)向其他非美國(guó)市場(chǎng)，因此它們可能會(huì)繼續(xù)面臨低價(jià)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而較低的價(jià)格將對(duì)儀器儀表產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重影響。
In the long run,instrumentation manufacturers with capacity in Taiwan or Southeast Asia may benefit from where they can transfer orders to avoid tariffs.For those non-Chinese instrument manufacturers,Chinese companies may continue to face low price competition because they sells few instruments to the United States and divert the rest of their products to other non-American markets.Lower prices will have a serious impact on the prices of instrument products.
中美貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)對(duì)市場(chǎng)格局的影響
The Impact of Sino-US Trade War on Market Structure
早在前幾日的新聞聯(lián)播中，中國(guó)早就表明態(tài)度：不愿打，但也不怕打，必要時(shí)不得不打。硬氣的宣言，國(guó)人一一叫好。相反的，在事件的第二天，這場(chǎng)“仗”打得道瓊斯指數(shù)暴跌，美國(guó)民眾要為此買單，就連白宮首席經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問(wèn)也公開承認(rèn)貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)將會(huì)兩敗俱損。
As early as in the news broadcast of the previous few days,China had already expressed its attitude:not willing to fight,but also not afraid to fight,if necessary,have to fight.Manifesto of rigidity,the people applaud one by one.On the contrary,on the second day of the incident,the Dow Jones index plummeted,and Americans had to pay for it.Even the chief economic adviser of the White House publicly acknowledged that the trade war would lose both ways.
而任何事情有好的一面，也有壞的一面。要知道，我國(guó)儀器儀表業(yè)的中低檔產(chǎn)品已具有一定的國(guó)際市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，出口量較大，但高端分析儀器嚴(yán)重依賴進(jìn)口，幾乎達(dá)到100%。日趨增加的高端產(chǎn)品需求量，這些高端儀器還在依賴進(jìn)口，這足以讓我們清醒地看到自己同美國(guó)之間巨大的技術(shù)差距以及對(duì)美國(guó)核心技術(shù)的嚴(yán)重依賴，剛過(guò)去不久的“中興事件”就是一個(gè)很好的例子。而于美國(guó)而言，美國(guó)的人工成本高，很難實(shí)現(xiàn)輕工業(yè)品的自給自足，還是需要從其它國(guó)家進(jìn)口。所以有人公開承認(rèn)貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)將會(huì)兩敗俱損，可以算是一個(gè)很理性的看法了。
Everything has a good side and a bad side.We should know that the medium and low-grade products of our instrument industry have a certain international market competitiveness and export volume is large,but the high-end analytical instruments rely heavily on imports,almost 100%.Increasing demand for high-end products,these high-end instruments are still dependent on imports,which is enough for us to clearly see the huge technological gap between ourselves and the United States and the serious dependence on the core technology of the United States.The recent"ZTE Event"is a good example.As far as the United States is concerned,it is difficult to achieve self-sufficiency of light industrial products because of its high labor costs.It is still necessary to import from other countries.So it's a rational view that some people openly admit that trade wars will lose and lose.
同時(shí)，中美貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)的升級(jí)，市場(chǎng)格局將面臨重新分配，關(guān)稅的增加，很多產(chǎn)品的成本會(huì)大大提高，用戶的購(gòu)買能力可能會(huì)下降，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)退而求其次，選擇其它國(guó)家的進(jìn)出口商品代替，這樣一個(gè)新的貿(mào)易格局打開。當(dāng)然，受美國(guó)高端分析儀器技術(shù)壟斷的沖擊，我國(guó)也會(huì)進(jìn)一步突破技術(shù)的壁壘，向著更高的技術(shù)精進(jìn)，早日實(shí)現(xiàn)高端分析儀器的自主化。
At the same time,with the escalation of the Sino-US trade war,the market structure will face redistribution,tariffs will increase,the cost of many products will be greatly increased,the purchasing power of users may decline,and the next step may be to choose Import and export commodities from other countries instead.This new trade pattern will be opened.Of course,under the impact of the monopoly of high-end analytical instruments in the United States,China will further break through the technical barriers,move towards higher technological progress,and realize the autonomy of high-end analytical instruments as soon as possible.
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