| 【行業(yè)新聞】科學(xué)儀器揭露電子煙健康背后的安全隱患 |
| 信息來源： 西安儀表制造 | 2019-05-07 點(diǎn)擊量： 10042 |
禁煙范圍從室內(nèi)延伸到室外、電子煙納入禁煙范圍、違規(guī)吸煙不再勸阻而是直接罰款、學(xué)校出入口50米內(nèi)不可銷售煙草制品……四條規(guī)定一出，深圳市成為國內(nèi)又一個(gè)嚴(yán)格禁煙并且明確表示禁電子煙的城市。而在此之前，香港和杭州也相繼宣布禁止電子煙。
The scope of smoking ban extends from indoor to outdoor,electronic cigarettes are included in the scope of smoking ban,illegal smoking is no longer discouraged but directly fined,and tobacco products can not be sold within 50 meters of school entrance and exit.As a result of the four regulations,Shenzhen has become another city in China which strictly prohibits smoking and expressly prohibits electronic smoking.Before that,Hong Kong and Hangzhou have also announced the ban on electronic cigarettes.
3·15晚會(huì)上演“絕望6分鐘”電子煙被拉下健康風(fēng)口
"Despair 6 Minutes"Electronic Cigarette Pulled Down the Healthy Vent at the 3.15 Party
此次深圳擬出臺(tái)的禁煙令，不禁讓人聯(lián)想到今年315晚會(huì)上電子煙的“絕望6分鐘”。節(jié)目指出，電子煙會(huì)釋放有害物，危害吸煙者和被動(dòng)吸煙人群的健康，并且長期吸食電子煙同樣會(huì)產(chǎn)生對尼古丁的依賴。同時(shí)，有些電子煙的煙液中還含有甲醛、丙二醇、甘油等物質(zhì)。前不久，美國?？怂剐侣劸驮爻?，用來戒煙的電子煙可能含有細(xì)菌和真菌毒素。世界衛(wèi)生組織還提出，電子煙產(chǎn)生的二手煙已經(jīng)成為一種新的環(huán)境污染源，向空氣中排放PM1.0、PM2.5等氣溶膠顆粒。
The proposed smoking ban in Shenzhen is reminiscent of the"six minutes of despair"of electronic cigarettes at this year's 315 party.The program points out that electronic cigarettes can release harmful substances,endanger the health of smokers and passive smokers,and long-term smoking of electronic cigarettes can also lead to nicotine dependence.At the same time,some electronic cigarette smoke also contains formaldehyde,propylene glycol,glycerol and other substances.Not long ago,Fox News reported that electronic cigarettes used to quit smoking may contain bacteria and mycotoxins.The World Health Organization also proposed that the second-hand smoke generated by electronic smoke has become a new source of environmental pollution,which emits PM1.0,PM2.5 aerosol particles into the air.
這一波“點(diǎn)名”直接揭下了各大商家為電子煙貼上的“健康”標(biāo)簽，也將這一新行業(yè)結(jié)結(jié)實(shí)實(shí)拉下了風(fēng)口。事實(shí)上，即便沒有這些主流媒體和組織的“點(diǎn)名”，本身就處于亂象之中的電子煙行業(yè)也會(huì)迎來一波整改。目前市面上的電子煙產(chǎn)品價(jià)格從十幾元到上千元不等，沒有任何購買限制，即便是青少年也可以輕易獲得。然而，對于這個(gè)沒有明確規(guī)范的新型產(chǎn)品，消費(fèi)者很難分辨真假好壞，無從得知制造商究竟在里面加了什么，是否存在危害健康的違禁物質(zhì)。
This wave of"roll call"has directly unveiled the"health"label of electronic cigarettes affixed by major merchants,and has also brought the new industry down.In fact,even without the"roll call"of these mainstream media and organizations,the electronic cigarette industry itself is in a chaotic situation and will usher in a wave of rectification.At present,the price of electronic cigarette products on the market varies from more than a dozen yuan to over a thousand yuan,without any purchase restrictions,even teenagers can easily get it.However,for this new product without clear regulation,it is difficult for consumers to distinguish the true from the false,to know what the manufacturer actually added to it,and whether there are prohibited substances harmful to health.
電子煙監(jiān)管處于真空地帶科學(xué)儀器敲響安全警鐘
Electronic smoke supervision in vacuum zone sounds safety alarm by scientific instruments
據(jù)悉，國內(nèi)還沒有正式頒布電子煙的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，可以說還存在較大的監(jiān)管真空地帶。市面上各類產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量參差不齊，很可能存在各類安全隱患，亟需科學(xué)儀器予以規(guī)范。
It is reported that the national standards for electronic cigarettes have not yet been formally promulgated in China,so it can be said that there is still a large regulatory vacuum zone.The quality of all kinds of products on the market is uneven,and there may be various potential safety hazards.It is urgent to standardize scientific instruments.
一般電子煙主要由盛放尼古丁溶液的煙管、蒸發(fā)裝置和電池三大部分組成。之所以會(huì)呈現(xiàn)如同真煙一般吞云吐霧的效果，就是因?yàn)殡娮訜煂㈧F化器作為蒸發(fā)裝置，把液態(tài)的尼古丁轉(zhuǎn)化為霧氣。然而，問題的關(guān)鍵就出在尼古丁液體，也就是煙油上。此前普遍認(rèn)為，電子煙的煙油不含危及健康的焦油、一氧化碳等物質(zhì)，但是它依然含有尼古丁、甲醛等物質(zhì)。要知道，一次性吸入過量尼古丁會(huì)危及性命，長期吸食會(huì)使人上癮，容易引起癌癥、高血壓、冠心病、肺氣腫等多種疾病。而甲醛不用多說，一直都是公認(rèn)的致癌物。
In general,electronic cigarette is mainly composed of smoke pipe,evaporation device and battery which hold nicotine solution.The reason for this effect is that the electronic smoke uses the atomizer as an evaporator to convert liquid nicotine into mist.However,the key to the problem lies in the nicotine liquid,that is,fume.Previously,it was generally believed that the smoke of electronic cigarette does not contain tar,carbon monoxide and other substances that endanger health,but it still contains nicotine,formaldehyde and other substances.You know,one-time inhalation of excessive nicotine can endanger life,long-term addiction can lead to cancer,hypertension,coronary heart disease,emphysema and other diseases.Formaldehyde,needless to say,has always been recognized as a carcinogen.
采用氣相色譜儀、液質(zhì)聯(lián)用儀或者氣質(zhì)聯(lián)用儀等分析儀器，可以有效檢測煙油中所含的尼古丁含量。由于電子煙排放的尼古丁也會(huì)對環(huán)境造成污染，因此還需要測定吸食后空氣中的尼古丁濃度。憑借重現(xiàn)性好、檢測精度高、速度較快等優(yōu)勢，高效液相色譜可以很好地用于這一項(xiàng)目的測定。此外，對于使用電子煙的人群，高效液相色譜也可以通過測定他們尿液、唾液和頭發(fā)中尼古丁的含量，判斷其受到電子煙的影響程度。
Nicotine content in fume can be effectively detected by gas chromatography,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Because nicotine emitted from electronic cigarettes can also pollute the environment,it is necessary to determine nicotine concentration in the air after smoking.With the advantages of good reproducibility,high detection accuracy and fast speed,high performance liquid chromatography can be well used for the determination of this item.In addition,for people who use electronic cigarettes,high performance liquid chromatography can also determine the extent of the impact of electronic cigarettes by measuring the content of nicotine in their urine,saliva and hair.
那么，令人聞風(fēng)喪膽的甲醛又應(yīng)該如何檢測呢？滴定法、重量法、比色法、氣相色譜法和液相色譜法等定量分析方法較為適用。比如測定甲醛的經(jīng)典方法就是比色法，可用紫外可見光吸收分光光度計(jì)測定，滿足分析極限、準(zhǔn)確度和重現(xiàn)性方面的要求。近年來，氣相色譜、液相色譜等方法也廣泛應(yīng)用于實(shí)際樣品中甲醛的測定，有著操作簡便、結(jié)果準(zhǔn)確等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
So,how should we detect the disgusting formaldehyde?Quantitative analysis methods such as titration,gravimetry,colorimetry,gas chromatography and liquid chromatography are more suitable.For example,the classical method for the determination of formaldehyde is colorimetry,which can be determined by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometer to meet the requirements of analysis limit,accuracy and reproducibility.In recent years,gas chromatography,liquid chromatography and other methods have been widely used in the determination of formaldehyde in practical samples,with the advantages of simple operation and accurate results.
除了含有尼古丁、甲醛等有害物的煙油，電子煙中使用的棉芯也成為新的關(guān)注點(diǎn)。上文曾提到，市面上現(xiàn)存的電子煙產(chǎn)品存在細(xì)菌和真菌毒素污染等問題，其潛在污染源可能就是電子煙使用的棉芯等棉纖維物質(zhì)。當(dāng)使用者使用電子煙的時(shí)候，很有可能會(huì)接觸到這些污染物，吸入有害物質(zhì)。因此，檢查電子煙產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量也應(yīng)該考慮這一問題。據(jù)已知資料，ATP生物發(fā)光法可以快速檢測菌落總數(shù)，以評價(jià)電子煙的衛(wèi)生情況。
In addition to smoke oil containing harmful substances such as nicotine and formaldehyde,the cotton core used in electronic cigarettes has also become a new concern.As mentioned above,the existing electronic cigarette products on the market are contaminated by bacteria and mycotoxins.The potential source of contamination may be cotton fibers such as cotton core used in electronic cigarettes.When users use electronic cigarettes,they are likely to be exposed to these pollutants and inhale harmful substances.Therefore,the quality of electronic cigarette products should also be considered.According to known data,ATP bioluminescence method can quickly detect the total number of bacterial colonies to evaluate the health status of electronic cigarettes.
當(dāng)然，電子煙存在的質(zhì)量問題不止于此，霧化器損壞引起的漏油、干燒等現(xiàn)象較為普遍，煙油所含成分依然有待科學(xué)儀器進(jìn)一步分析。至少，過去一句簡單的“不含焦油、一氧化碳，尼古丁不致癌”已經(jīng)無法撐起消費(fèi)者對電子煙的信任。站在健康和環(huán)保的角度，小編依然希望能有更多人加入到支持禁煙的行列中。建議從未吸過煙的朋友們，尤其是青少年群體，不要因?yàn)楹闷婊蛘吒L(fēng)而去接觸電子煙。“老煙民”也別以為電子煙無害，要想健康還是早日戒煙吧。
Of course,the quality problems of electronic smoke are not limited to this.Oil leakage and dry burning caused by atomizer damage are common.The composition of fume still needs further analysis by scientific instruments.At least,the simple phrase"No tar,no carbon monoxide,no carcinogenic nicotine"has failed to build consumer confidence in e-cigarettes.From the point of view of health and environmental protection,Xiaobian still hopes that more people will join in supporting the anti-smoking campaign.It is recommended that friends who have never smoked,especially teenagers,do not contact electronic cigarettes because they are curious or follow the trend."Old smokers"should not think that electronic cigarettes are harmless.If you want to be healthy,you should quit smoking as soon as possible.
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